Paul SIMMONDS (VK5PAS)
  • WELCOME
  • MY LIFE IN AMATEUR RADIO
  • WIA PRESIDENTS AWARDS
  • CONTACTS MADE
  • MY AMATEUR RADIO STATION
    • Standard licence conditions
    • My antennas
    • My previous antennas
    • My transceivers
    • My 'boat anchors'
    • My shack project
    • Old shack photos
    • My towers
    • Antenna/TX switching
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    • Communications receivers & scanners
    • My logging program
    • Rotators
    • CW equipment
    • BITX40
    • Other equipment
    • EMDRC Powerpole Dist Board Kit
  • VK5PAS - QSL CARDS RECEIVED
    • AFGHANISTAN
    • ALAND ISLANDS
    • ALASKA
    • ALBANIA
    • ALGERIA
    • AMERICAN SAMOA
    • AMSTERDAM & ST PAUL ISLANDS
    • ANDAMAN ISLANDS
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    • BELIZE
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    • CAMBODIA
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    • CANADA
    • CANARY ISLANDS
    • CAPE VERDE
    • CAYMAN ISLANDS
    • CENTRAL KIRIBATI
    • CEUTA AND MELILLIA
    • CHAGOS ISLAND
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    • CHILE
    • CHINA
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    • COLOMBIA
    • COMOROS
    • CONGO
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    • CRETE
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    • CUBA
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    • CYPRUS
    • CZECH REPUBLIC
    • DENMARK
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    • DOMINICA
    • DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
    • EAST KIRIBATI
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    • ECUADOR
    • EGYPT
    • EL SALVADOR
    • ENGLAND
    • Equatorial Guinea
    • ERITREA
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    • ESWANTINI (SWAZILAND)
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    • FALKLAND ISLANDS
    • FAROE ISLANDS
    • FIJI
    • FINLAND
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    • FRENCH GUIANA
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    • GABON
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    • HAIITI
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    • HONG KONG
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    • IRAN
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    • LAOS
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    • LORD HOWE ISLAND
    • LUXEMBOURG
    • MACAO
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    • MALAWI
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    • MARKET REEF
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    • NICARAGUA
    • NIGER REPUBLIC
    • NIGERIA
    • NIUE
    • NORFOLK ISLAND
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    • NORTHERN IRELAND
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    • OGASAWARA
    • OMAN
    • PAKISTAN
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    • PANAMA
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    • SABA AND ST EUSTATIUS
    • SAMOA
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    • SARDINIA
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    • SPAIN
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    • SRI LANKA
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    • TAIWAN
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    • THAILAND
    • THE GAMBIA
    • TIMOR LESTE
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    • TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
    • TRISTAN DA CUNHA & GOUGH ISLAND
    • TUNISIA
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    • TURKS & CAICOS
    • TUVALU
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    • URUGUAY
    • USA
    • UZBEKISTAN
    • VANUATU
    • VENEZUELA
    • VIETNAM
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    • VIRGIN ISLANDS (USA)
    • WAKE ISLAND
    • WALES
    • WALLIS & FUTUNA
    • WESTERN KIRIBATI
    • WEST MALAYSIA
    • WESTERN SAHARA
    • WILLIS ISLAND
    • ZAMBIA
    • ZIMBABWE
    • MARITIME MOBILE
    • SWL cards
    • Special event QSL cards
    • My QSL Manager, Charles M0OXO
    • My QSL card printer
  • VK5PAS PORTABLE
  • VK5PAS MOBILE
    • VK5PAS MOBILE - QSL CARDS RECEIVED
    • VK5PAS MOBILE - EQSL CARDS RECEIVED
  • AX5PAS
    • Australia Day
    • ANZAC Day
    • AX5PAS QSL cards received
  • VK9PAS NORFOLK ISLAND
    • VK9PAS QSL CARDS RECEIVED
    • VK9PAS - EQSL CARDS RECEIVED
  • SPECIAL CALL SIGNS
    • VK80MAN
    • VI7POL
    • VI60IOTA
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    • VK90ABC
    • VI100AF and VK100AF
    • VI100PEACE
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    • VK20HOME
    • VI9ANZAC
    • VI5ANZAC
    • VK100ANZAC
    • VK100ANZAC - Farina 2015
    • VI5MARCONI
    • VK5WOW & VI5WOW
    • VI50IARU3
    • VI70MI
  • VK5FPAS - MY OLD CALL
    • QSL CARDS RECEIVED - VK5FPAS
    • LETTERS RECEIVED - VK5FPAS
  • MY QSL INFO
  • MY QTH - ASHBOURNE
    • My property
    • Ashbourne historical photographs
    • Bushfires
    • Adelaide Hills Rally
    • Tour Down Under
    • Steam Ranger
    • Strathalbyn
  • ALL ABOUT AUSTRALIA
    • How big is Australia ?
    • Melbourne Cup
  • SOUTH AUSTRALIA
    • Adelaide
    • South Australia icons
    • Superloop 500 car race
    • Bay to Birdwood
    • Adelaide Crows
    • Adelaide Oval
  • ALL ABOUT AMATEUR RADIO
    • What is amateur radio?
    • Licences in Australia
    • Callsigns
    • Callsign for life
    • CQ & ITU zones
    • Getting help
    • History of AR in Australia
    • How many amateurs are in Australia
    • Patron Saint of AR
    • Making a successful QSO
    • UTC time
    • Ham jargon
    • Phonetic alphabet
    • QRZ.com
    • Broadcasts
    • Beam headings
    • Boat anchors
  • PROMOTIONAL VIDEOS
  • AMATEUR RADIO VIDEOS
  • PORTABLE OPERATION
    • Portable Hints
    • Antennas
    • Squid Poles
    • Tuner
    • Batteries/power sources
    • Bitx40
    • Other equipment
    • John Moyle Memorial Field Day
    • Beaches on the Air (BOTA)
    • Freeze your butt off
    • Field Radio
    • Great Outdoors Radio Club
    • Logging contacts
    • Fast Log Entry (FLE)
    • Pedestrian mobile
    • Bicycle mobile
    • Articles
    • Promotional material
  • MOBILE OPERATION
  • VK5 PARKS AWARD
    • CERTIFICATES
    • My VK5 Parks activities >
      • Activator >
        • 2019
        • 2018
        • 2017
        • 2016
        • 2015
        • 2014
        • 2013
      • Hunter >
        • 2017
        • 2016
        • 2015
        • 2014
        • 2013
      • Park to Park
    • Activations with other amateurs
    • Videos >
      • 2020
      • 2019
      • 2017
      • 2016
      • 2015
      • 2014
      • 2013
  • WORLD WIDE FLORA & FAUNA (WWFF)
    • VKFF Awards
    • WWFF Global awards
    • National program awards
    • VKFF Activation Weekend
    • VKFF Team Championship
    • Top VKFF Activator
    • Top VKFF Hunter
    • Top WWFF Activator
    • WWFF QSL cards received
    • My portable QSL cards
    • My WWFF videos >
      • 2020
      • 2019
      • 2018
      • 2017
      • 2016
      • 2015
      • 2014
      • 2013
    • VI10VKFF
    • VKFF National Get Together >
      • 2023
    • Other activators - videos
    • Activations with other amateurs
    • My favourite activations
    • DX CONTACTS
  • SUMMITS ON THE AIR (SOTA)
    • Getting started in SOTA
    • How do summits qualify?
    • What is prominence?
    • Activation zone
    • Tips for activators
    • Tips for Chasers
    • Australia's mountains & elevation
    • Accessing private property
    • Keeping land owners happy
    • SOTA in South Australia (VK5)
    • My SOTA activities
    • My SOTA certificates
    • My SOTA QSL cards
    • Certificates of Appreciation
    • My SOTA activation videos >
      • 2016
      • 2014
      • 2013
    • Other SOTA videos
    • DX SOTA contacts
    • Activations with other amateurs
    • SOTA QSL cards received
    • SOTA apps
    • Maps
    • Interesting websites
    • Presentations
    • VK5 - 1 year anniversary
    • Summitsbase
    • PEAKERY
    • Trig points
    • Stone walls
  • HEMA
    • HEMA VIDEOS
  • GLOBAL MOUNTAIN ACTIVITY GROUP
  • KEITH ROGET MEMORIAL NATIONAL PARKS AWARD
    • My KRMNPA progress
    • Other KRMPA certificates
    • 2021
    • 2020
    • 2019
    • 2018
    • 2017
    • 2016
    • 2015
    • 2014
    • 2013
  • ISLANDS ON THE AIR (IOTA)
    • My IOTA activations
    • IOTA - AUSTRALIA
    • Flinders Island 2024
    • Troubridge Island - 2023
    • Bruny Island, Tasmania
    • Tasmania OC-006
    • Norfolk Island - 2016
    • Kangaroo Island - 2013
    • Granite Island - 2013
    • Kangaroo Island - 2012
    • IOTA QSL cards received
    • VK IOTA
  • BEACHES ON THE AIR (BOTA)
  • SILOS ON THE AIR (SiOTA)
  • ILLW - LIGHTHOUSE WEEKEND
    • History of ILLW
    • 2023
    • 2022
    • 2017
    • 2016
    • 2013
    • 2012
    • Warburto Light
  • MILLS ON THE AIR
  • AWARDS
    • DXCC
    • WORKED ALL STATES
    • New Zealand
    • QRZ.com Awards
    • eQSL Awards
    • WIA Awards
    • WIA Presidents Commendation
    • Digital mode awards
    • 2017 WIA AGM Award
    • Ted Powell Memorial DX Challenge
    • Italian Castles Award
    • VK Shires
    • Belgium Castles and Fortresses
    • Japan Awards
    • ANZAC Centennary Award
    • USA Counties Award
    • World Castles Award
  • CONTESTING
    • 2025
    • 2024
    • 2023
    • 2022
    • 2021
    • 2020
    • 2019
    • 2018
    • 2017
    • 2016
    • 2015
    • 2014
    • 2013
    • 2012
    • 2011
    • 2010
    • WIA Contest Champion
    • Freeze your Butt Off (FYBO)
    • WARCA
  • TIPS ON MAKING A QSO
  • BAND POLICE
  • SIGNAL REPORTS
  • WORKING DX
    • DX Cluster
    • DX videos & audio
    • DX Code of Conduct
    • Interesting contacts
    • DX Contacts
    • Special Event stations
    • DX articles
  • HAM ALERT
  • PROPAGATION
    • Long path and Short path
    • Sunspot cycle
    • VOACAP
    • spaceweather.com
    • Space Weather Prediction Center
    • Space Weather Woman 2023
    • SPACE WEATHER WOMAN 2022
    • SPACE WEATHER WOMAN 2021
    • SPACE WEATHER WOMAN 2020
    • SPACE WEATHER WOMAN 2019
    • SPACE WEATHER WOMAN 2018
    • Propagation articles
    • BEAM HEADINGS
  • COLLECTING QSL CARDS
  • QSL CARD CHECKING
    • DXCC Card checker
    • Logbook of the World (LOTW)
    • CQ Awards
    • WIA Awards
  • 28 MHZ, 10 METRE BAND
    • Sporadic E
    • 10m beacons
    • 10m repeaters
    • 10-10 International
    • 10m Contests
    • 10m band Facebook pages
    • Videos
  • 6M, THE MAGIC BAND
  • 15M BAND
  • DIGITAL MODES
    • FT8
    • FT8DMC Awards
    • FT4
    • FT4DMC AWARDS
    • PSK31 & PSK63
    • PSK Reporter
  • VHF/UHF
  • MORSE CODE - CW
  • WSPR
  • APRS
  • IRLP
  • AMATEUR SATELLITES
  • QRP
  • ANTENNAS & BALUNS
  • COAX
  • CONNECTORS
  • BATTERIES
  • PORTS
  • TOWERS
  • VSWR
  • OSCILLOSCOPES
  • GRID SQUARES
  • ELIMINATING NOISE
  • OVER THE HORIZON RADAR
  • RUSSIAN WOODPECKER
  • NETS
    • Net tips
    • How to be a good net controller
    • Southern Cross DX Net/Family Hour Net
    • Triple H Net
    • ANZA DX Net
  • QRZ.com
  • QRZCQ
  • ACMA
  • WIRELESS INSTITUE OF AUSTRALIA (WIA)
    • History
    • Callbook
    • WIA AGM Hahndorf 2017
    • WIA AGM Norfolk Island 2016
    • WIA AGM Canberra 2015
    • WIA National Field Day 2010
  • RASA
  • ALARA
  • WOMEN IN AMATEUR RADIO
  • VK5MAZ MARIJA - MY WIFE
    • VK5MAZ - QSL cards received
    • VK5FMAZ - QSL cards received
    • VK5 Parks Award
    • WWFF
    • Keith Roget Memorial National Parks Award
    • SOTA
    • Digital modes
    • ALARA Meet 2023
    • eQSL
    • VK100AF and VI100AF
    • VK80LAN
    • MILLS ON THE AIR
    • BOTA
    • Silos On The Air (SiOTA)
    • Other Awards
    • Contesting
    • DL1DN QRP contact
    • Videos
  • AMATEUR RADIO MOVIES AND TV SHOWS
  • WELL KNOWN AMATEURS
    • Biographies
    • Florence Violet McKENZIE
  • SILENT KEYS
  • BELGIUM 2014
  • HAM EXPOS & CONVENTIONS
    • ANTENNAPALOOZA - 2017
    • AREG Car Boot Sale 2022
    • SERG CONVENTION >
      • 2018
      • 2017
      • 2016
      • 2015
      • 2014
    • BRL GATHERING >
      • 2019
      • 2018
      • 2017
      • 2016
      • 2015
  • RADIO INTERVIEWS
  • PRESENTATIONS & EVENTS
    • 2025
    • 2024
    • 2023
    • 2022
    • 2021
    • 2020
    • 2019
    • 2018
    • 2017
    • 2016
    • 2015
    • 2014 >
      • SOTA & PARKS Symposium 2014
      • SOTA & Parks practical day
    • 2013
  • FACEBOOK PAGES
  • HAMS I HAVE MET
    • Northern Corridor Group WA
  • LETTERS RECEIVED
  • HAM PHOTOS
    • G4AKC Dave
    • VK9JA Norfolk Island
  • QSL CARDS FROM FELLOW POLICE OFFICERS
  • AHARS
  • STRATHALBYN AMATEUR RADIO GROUP
  • PACIFIC DXers
  • OUT AND ABOUT IN VK5
  • SCHOOL RADIO CLUB
  • ANTIQUE RADIOS
    • Airzone N3102
    • AWA
    • HMV Little Nipper Mk II A13B
    • HMV Little Nipper
    • Hotpoint
    • Kriesler 11-20A bakelite
    • Mullard
    • Radiola
    • Scharnberg Strauss
    • Stromberg Carlson
    • Tefifon
    • History of HMV
  • HISTORICAL RADIO SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA
  • OLD COMMUNICATION RECEIVERS
  • VKS-737 RADIO NETWORK
  • RADIO HISTORY - AUSTRALIA
  • SHORT WAVE LISTENING (SWL)
    • Short Wave Explained - videos
    • Broadcast Listeners Licence
    • My SWL receivers
    • Yaesu FRG-7700
    • Yaesu FRG7
    • My SWL antennas
    • FSL Antenna
    • My SWL QSL cards
    • What is a QSL card?
    • Reception Report tips
    • SINPO / SIO code
    • Useful websites
    • Broadcast QSL cards received
    • Amateur radio QSL cards received - VK5003SWL
    • Amateur radio QSL cards received - SWL L50000
    • Amateur Radio Awards
    • Letters received - VK5003SWL
    • WIA membership
    • SWARL
    • ARDXC
    • NASWA Journal
    • DX Monitor
    • Southern Cross DX Club
    • Amateur radio videos
    • Broadcast station videos
    • Dick Smiths guide
    • Interval signals
    • Audio files - Commercial broadcasters
    • Audio files - Amateur radio
    • World of Radio
    • World Radio TV Handbook
    • SWL Antennas
    • SWL pages on the Internet
    • Documents
    • Newspaper articles
    • Other articles
    • Videos
    • New Zealand DX Times
    • DX Guides
    • Latin American DXing
    • TECSUN
  • SHORT WAVE BROADCAST STATIONS
    • 4KZ Queensland
    • Adventist World Radio
    • Alcaravan Radio, Colombia
    • All India Radio
    • Armed Forces Radio & TV Network
    • Australian Broadcasting Corporation - ABC
    • Bangladesh Betar
    • Bay Islands Radio, Queensland
    • BBC World Service
    • Beibu Bay Radio, China
    • Bible Voice Broadcasting
    • Broadcasting Service of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • CFRX Toronto, Canda
    • Channel 292, GERMANY
    • China Huyai Broadcasting Corporation
    • China National Radio CNR2 BUSINESS RADIO
    • China National Radio CNR6
    • China National Radio CNR7 THE GREAT BAY
    • China National Radio CNR8
    • China National Radio CNR13
    • China National Radio CNR17
    • China Radio International
    • Deutsche Welle, Germany
    • Dimsti Weyane Tigray
    • Echo of Hope, South Korea
    • Echo of Unification, North Korea
    • FEBA Radio India
    • FEBA Radio Pakistan
    • FEBC Radio International
    • Free North Korea Radio
    • Furusato No Kaze, Japan
    • Ghana Broadcasting Corporation
    • HCJB, Ecuador
    • HCJB, Voz Andes, Ecuador
    • Hobart Radio International
    • Hope Radio, Palau
    • Ifrikya FM
    • Ilbon-ui Baram, Japan
    • Kari National Radio, Papua New Guinea
    • KBS World Radio, South Korea
    • KHBI, Saipan
    • KNLS, Alaska
    • Kol Israel
    • Korean Central Broadcasting Station
    • KSDA Adventist World Radio
    • KTWR, Guam
    • KYOI, Saipan
    • Mizzima Radio, Myanmar
    • Myanmar Radio
    • National Broadcasting Commission, Papua New Guinea
    • National Unity Radio, South Korea
    • NHK World, Japan
    • Nihon Shortwave Broadcasting Corp, Japan
    • North Korea Reform Radio
    • Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation
    • Peace and Progress, USSR
    • Peoples Broadcasting Station Gannan
    • Peoples Broadcasting Station Hulun Buir
    • Peoples Broadcasting Station Qinghai, China
    • Peoples Broadcasting Station Xinjiang
    • Peoples Broadcasting Station Xizang, China
    • Pyongyang Broadcasting Station, North Korea
    • Raadiyyoni Dirree Shaggar
    • Radio 567, Australia
    • Radio Afghanistan International
    • Radio Al Azm, Saudi Arabia
    • Radio Algerienne
    • Radio Australia
    • Radio Austria International
    • Radio Azadi
    • Radio Baghdad, Iraq
    • Radio Beijing, China
    • Radio Berlin International
    • Radio Brasil Central, Brazil
    • Radio Bucharest, Romania
    • Radio Budapest, Hungary
    • Radio Bulgaria
    • Radio Cairo, Egypt
    • Radio Canada International
    • Radio Channel 292
    • Radio Dabanga
    • Radio Dap Loi Song Nui
    • Radio Dardasha
    • Radio DX Norfolk Island
    • Radio Educacion, Mexico
    • Radio Ergo, Kenya
    • Radio Ethiopia
    • Radio exterior de Espana, Spain
    • Radio Farda
    • Radio Finland
    • Radio for Peace International
    • Radio France International
    • Radio Free Asia
    • Radio Free Europe
    • Radio Habana, Cuba
    • Radio Ibrahim
    • Radio Iran International
    • Radio Japan
    • Radio Korea
    • Radio Kuwait
    • Radio Madang, PNG
    • Radio Manara International
    • Radio Marti
    • Radio Mashaal
    • Radio Mazaris Samay
    • Radio Moscow
    • Radio Nacional da Amazonia, Brazil
    • Radio Ndarason Internationale
    • Radio Nederland, Netherlands
    • Radio New Zealand
    • Radio Nikkei
    • Radio Norway International
    • Radio NUG
    • Radio Peking, China
    • Radio Portugal
    • Radio Prague International
    • Radio Praha
    • Radio Pyongyang, North Korea
    • Radio Reading Service, New Zealand
    • Radio Rebelde, Cuba
    • Radio Romania International
    • Radio RSA, South Africa
    • Radio Sadaye Zindagi
    • Radio San'a, Yemen
    • Radio Singapore International
    • Radio Slovakia International
    • Radio Sofia, Bulgaria
    • Radio Sweden International
    • Radio Taiwan International
    • Radio Tamazuj
    • Radio Tampa, Japan
    • Radio Tapei International
    • Radio Tarma, Peru
    • Radio Tashkent
    • Radio Thailand
    • Radio Tirana, Albania
    • Radio Ukraine International
    • Radio Ulan Bator, Mongolia
    • Radio Vanuatu
    • Radio Veritas Asia
    • Radio Vilnius
    • Radio Vlaanderen Internationaal, Belgium
    • Radio Voz Missionaria, Brazil
    • Radio Yugoslavia
    • Radyo Denge Gel
    • Radyo Denge Welat
    • Radyo Pilipinas, Philippines
    • RAI, Italy
    • Reach Beyond Australia
    • Republic of Yemen
    • RTM Malaysia
    • RTM Sarawak, Malaysia
    • Shan News Radio
    • Shiokaze - Sea Breeze, Japan
    • Shortwave Australia
    • Singapore Broadcasting Corporation
    • Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC)
    • Sound of Hope, China
    • Supreme Master Television
    • Swiss Radio International
    • Symban World Radio
    • Texas Radio Shortwave
    • Thazin Radio, Myanmar
    • The Overcomer Ministry, USA
    • Trans World Radio
    • Trans World Radio Asia
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BROADCAST LISTENERS LICENCE.

The first radio broadcast in Australia was on the 13th day of August 1919, when Ernest Fisk of Amalgamated Wireless Australia (AWA) arranged for the broadcast of the Australian National Anthem 'God Save the Queen' from one building to another at the end of a lecture he had presented to the Royal Society of NSW at 5 Elizabeth Street, Sydney.

The transmitted was a single valve AWA constructed transmitter which was located at Wireless House at 97 Clarence Street, Sydney.  The signal travelled about 100 years, with 20 telephone earpieces with tin horns attached which were hung from the ceiling as loudspeakers.
Picture
Above:- E.T. Fisk.  Image c/o Trove.
Led by Fisk of AWA, the Australian radio manufacturing industry lobbied the Australian Commonwealth Government for the introduction of radio broadcasting.  In May 1923 a conference was held in Melbourne which was attended by wireless manufacturers, retailers, broadcasters, listeners, and experimenters.

The conference led to the 'Sealed Set Regulations'.  Radio stations were to be licenced to broadcast and then sell sets to 'listeners-in'.  However, the radio set, or wireless as they were more commonly known, would be set to receive only that station.
Picture
Above:- newspaper article from the Daily Telegraph, 23rd November 1923.  Image c/o Trove.
Commercial radio broadcasts commenced in Australia in 1923.  Radio 2FC in Sydney was the first to be licenced on the 1st day of July 1923.  

However, broadcast licence number 3, radio 2SB (to become 2BL) was the first public radio station in Australia to go to air.  It  commenced broadcasting at 8.00 p.m. on the 23rd day of November 1923.  The number 2 denoted New South Wales, while SB stood for Broadcasters Sydney Limited. 

Broadcast Licence number 1, 2FC went to air on the 5th day of December 1923.

Only four stations commenced operation under the sealed system: Broadcasters Sydney Ltd 2SB, Farmers and Company 2FC Sydney, Associated Radio Company 3AR Melbourne, and Westralian Farmers Ltd 6WF Perth.


A wireless was regulated at purchase to the wavelength of a particular radio broadcaster.  Listeners paid a subscription fee to listen to that particular radio station.  In 1923 the subscription fee was 3 pounds 3 shillings, with an additional licence fee of 10 shillings which was payable to the Postmaster General's Department.

The 'Sealed Set Scheme' was not accepted by listeners, with only 1,400 listeners obtaining licences between August 1923 and June 1924. 
Picture
Above:- Newspaper article dated September 1924.  Image c/o Trove.
By July 1924, new regulations governing wireless broadcasting in Australia were announced by the Prime Minister Stanley Bruce.  It involved two groups of stations - Class A and Class B.

Class A stations received revenue from the licence fees paid by listeners and from some limited advertising.  While all revenue for Class B stations came from advertising.  

The "A" class stations were the original sealed set stations, plus one in each other capital city - 2BL, 2FC, 3AR, 3LO, 7ZL, 5CL, and 6WF.

The first Class B station on air was Burgin Electric Company Ltd 2BE in November 1924.  The oldest surviving Class B station is 2UE which went on air on the 26th day if January 1925.

By the end of 1924 the number of listener licences was nearly 40,000.  Towards the end of 1925 it had doubled to about 80,000.
From as early as 1925, complaints about the cost of licences commenced to appear in newspapers.

In 1925 a Brighton Victoria Justice of the Peace made comments after fining people for not paying the 'listening-in' licence fee.  He expressed regret that such a high amount had been fixed and stated that it 'tended to discourage experiments in wireless'.  He further stated 'after all, it was better for young people to be at home at night with their wireles plants than walking the streets'.

​In response the Postal Director said that from a business point of view everyone needed to realise that it was essential to obtain adequate revenue from the licence fees, otherwise it would not be possible to maintain the service.
Picture
Above:- newspaper article from The Age Melbourne, Saturday 28th February 1925.  Image c/o Trove.
Nearly 300,000 radio receiver licences had been issued in Australia by the end of 1929. This was about 4.7% of a population of about 6,400,000. This equated to about 20% of households in Australia.

By the end of 1938, a total of 1,102,315 radio receiver licences had been issued in Australia. This was about 16% of a population of about 7,000,000, or 66% of households.

Despite the increase in the uptake of licences, Radio Inspectors often prosecuted those who did not have a licence.   A conviction could result in a 20 pound fine.  This was very onerous considering the average weekly wage in the 1930s was about 14 pounds.
Over the years the listeners licence underwent various changes relating to cost and the classes of use. 
Picture
Above:- A Broadcast Listeners Licence from 1952.  Image c/o ​https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/articles/15789

With the introduction of television in Australia in September 1956, a viewer licence was introduced.  By 1957 TV viewers were required to pay 5 pounds and an additional 2 pounds 15 shillings for radio.  A fine of up to 50 pounds could be imposed on those who did not comply.
Picture
Above:- a Broadcast Listeners Licence from 1965. Image c/o ebay.com.au.
During the 1950s the Post Master General placed advertisements in newspapers around Australia warning residents that visits from PMG officials may occur.
To avoid the fines, many people hid their radio and TV antennas in attics and chimneys, while radio and television receivers were often hidden in cupboards.

Officials were reported to use devices to measure RF frequencies generated by radio equipment. Listeners often resorted to using crystal sets which did not require electricity to operate and were unable to be detected.
Picture
Above:- Advertisement from the Canberra Rimes, October 1958.
During the 1950s and 1960s, the Post Master General ran numerous advertisements reminding the public of their responsibility to ensure they had a radio and TV licence.  The advertisement below features Australian actor Frank Thring (b. 1926 - d. 1994).
The Brits also had to pay for a TV licence. I found the advertisement below featuring John Cleese to be very funny.

By the 1970's a combined TV and radio licence could be purchased in Australia at a cost of $26.50.
Picture
Above:- A Combined Receiving Licence from 1973.  Image c/o ebay.com.au
On the 18th day of September 1974 the Australian Federal Whitlam Government abolished radio and TV licences.  The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) which had been financed by the licence fees, was then funded by Australian taxpayer revenue.

An attempt was made to reintroduce listener/viewer licences in 1975 by the Australian Fraser Government.  Recommended fees of $70.00 for a colour television and $50.00 for a black and white television set were met with huge opposition, and the proposal did not proceed.





References.

1.   Australian Old Time Radio, 2021, <
https://www.australianotr.com.au/radio-receiver-licences.html​>, viewed 28th June 2021.
2.  Australian Old Time Radio, 2021, <
https://www.australianotr.com.au/australias-first-radio-broadcasts.html>, viewed 29th June 2021. 
3.  Langhans, R, 2013, 'The First Twelve Months of Radio Broadcasting in Australia 1923-1924'  
4. The History of Australian Radio, 2021, <
https://media.adelaide.edu.au/radio/intro/history_OZ-radio.pdf>, viewed 29th June 2021.  
5.  Museums Victoria, 2021, <
https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/articles/12666>, viewed 30th June 2021.
6.  NFSA, 2021, <
https://www.nfsa.gov.au/latest/radio-and-tv-licences​>, viewed 28th June 2021.
7. Trove, 2021, <
https://trove.nla.gov.au/​>, viewed 30th June 2021.
8.  Wikipedia, 2021, <
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_Radio_Sydney​>, viewed 29th June 2021.